Search results for "plant growth"
showing 10 items of 101 documents
Cellular complexity in MAPK signaling in plants: Questions and emerging tools to answer them
2018
International audience; Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play an important role in many aspects of plant growth, development, and environmental response. Because of their central role in many important processes, MAPKs have been extensively studied using biochemical and genetic approaches. This work has allowed for the identification of the MAPK genes and proteins involved in a number of different signaling pathways. Less well developed, however, is our understanding of how MAPK cascades and their corresponding signaling pathways are organized at subcellular levels. In this review, we will provide an overview of plant MAPK signaling, including a discussion of what is known a…
Simultaneous determination of nine phytohormones in seaweed and algae extracts by HPLC-PDA.
2016
An RP-HPLC-PDA method for the simultaneous analysis of 9 compounds deriving from the phytohormones class was developed and optimized, namely indoleacetic acid (IAA), indolebutyric acid (IBA), phenyleacetic acid (PAA), naphtyleacetic acid (NAA), trans-zeatin (TZ), kinetin (KA), isopentenyladenine (IA), 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Validation of the method was performed on the SFE-CO2 extract made out of the mixture of Baltic algae. The regression coefficients for plant hormones were in the range from 0.997 to 0.999. The LOD and LOQ were on the levels from 0.05–0.29 and 0.15–0.88 mg/L, respectively. Developed method was used for the separation and determination plant ho…
Services provided by soil microorganisms to improve plant phosphate nutrition
2022
Since the first Green Revolution, agricultural practices have been based on the massive use of synthetic fertilisers and plant protection products. Since then, global consumption of phosphate fertilisers has more than tripled, reaching 47 million tonnes in 2019. Current projections estimate that phosphate rock stocks (natural phosphorus resources for fertiliser production) could be depleted within the next century, leading us to change our agricultural practices. In soils, P is mainly present in complexed forms that are not easily accessible to plants. To reduce the use of phosphate fertilisers, it is necessary to make this complexed phosphate accessible to plants. This can be done by benef…
Interaction between Medicago truncatula and Pseudomonas fluorescens: evaluation of costs and benefits across an elevated atmospheric CO2.
2012
10 pages; International audience; Soil microorganisms play a key role in both plants nutrition and health. Their relation with plant varies from mutualism to parasitism, according to the balance of costs and benefits for the two partners of the interaction. These interactions involved the liberation of plant organic compounds via rhizodeposition. Modification of atmospheric CO2 concentration may affect rhizodeposition and as a consequence trophic interactions that bind plants and microorganisms. Positive effect of elevated CO2 on plants are rather well known but consequences for micoorganisms and their interactions with plants are still poorly understood. A gnotobiotic system has been devel…
Multitrophic interactions in the rhizosphere Rhizosphere microbiology: at the interface of many disciplines and expertises.
2008
The rhizosphere – the soil compartment influenced by the root, including the root itself – is the most-active microbial habitat in soils. Indeed, the release by plant roots of a significant part of their photosynthates promotes microbial abundance and activities in the rhizosphere. This investment made by plants is paid back by microbial functions, which contribute to plant nutrition and protection against soil-borne diseases. Indeed, rhizosphere microorganisms play a major role in plant growth and health and, …
Preparation, crystal and molecular structure, and evaluation of plant growth regulating activity of guanidinoalkanephosphinates and phosphonates
1995
A series of previously unknown α-guanidinoalkanephosphonous, α- and β-guanidinoalkanephosphonic acids has been prepared in order to study their structures and biological activity. Aminoalkanephosphonous and phosphonic acids have been converted into their guanidino derivatives by means of S-methylisothiourea hydroiodide or cyanamide amidination. The crystal and molecular structures of three guanidino acids have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The plant growth regulating activity of all synthesized guanidinoalkanephosphinates and phosphonates has been evaluated on Lepidium sativum. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AND ORANGE JUICE ON GROWTH OF CALLUS FROM FRUIT TISSUES OF WASHINGTON NAVEL ORANGE
1997
The effect of the plant growth regulators kinetin, gibberellic acid (GA3), and 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), either alone or in combination with orange juice, on the in vitro growth of mesocarp and endocarp explants from 90–120 day-old Washington Navel Citrus sinensis orange fruits has been determined. Both fruit tissues formed callus. From endocarp 100% callus was formed in all cultures, even without growth regulators in the culture medium, while callus growth was lower from mesocarp. The addition of orange juice at a final concentration of 15% (v/v) to the basal medium without growth regulators increased the callus growth, specially that derived from endocarp. However, the high…
The phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis links plant growth with nitrogen metabolism
2021
Abstract Because it is the precursor for various essential cellular components, the amino acid serine is indispensable for every living organism. In plants, serine is synthesized by two major pathways: photorespiration and the phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis (PPSB). However, the importance of these pathways in providing serine for plant development is not fully understood. In this study, we examine the relative contributions of photorespiration and PPSB to providing serine for growth and metabolism in the C3 model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Our analyses of cell proliferation and elongation reveal that PPSB-derived serine is indispensable for plant growth and its loss cannot b…
Methods for studying root colonization by introduced beneficial bacteria
2003
e-Book; Some free-living rhizobacteria are considered as potential biocontrol and plant growth-promoting agents. Successful application of beneficial bacteria as microbial inoculants requires their presence and activity at the appropriate level, but even more, at the right time and place. Various markers are described in the literature to differentiate introduced bacteria from indigenous microflora and to visualize them. These markers are presented together with the methods currently applied to quantify bacterial densities and to characterize the distribution of introduced bacteria. The methods to quantify bacterial densities are either based on bacterial cultivation or not. Different types…
Hormonal regulation of S-adenosylmethionine synthase transcripts in pea ovaries
1996
Two cDNA clones coding for S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthase (SAMs, EC 2.5.1.6) have been isolated from a cDNA library of gibberellic acid-treated unpollinated pea ovaries. Both cDNAs were sequenced showing a high degree of identity but coding for different SAMs polypeptides. The presence of two SAMs genes in pea was further confirmed by Southern analysis. Expression of the SAMs genes in the pea plant was found at different levels in vegetative and reproductive tissues. We characterized the expression levels of SAMs genes during the development or senescence of pea ovaries. Northern analysis showed that transcription of SAMs genes in parthenocarpic fruits was upregulated by auxins in the sam…